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Sapphic Ode

The Sapphic Ode is one of the more difficult metric forms -- the good news is that it doesn't rhyme.  There's also quite often enjambment (run-on sentences) between the stanzas, ie the last line of one stanza is continued in the first line of the next stanza (not always, it's just a common device).  It's made up of four-line stanzas, the first three lines are 11 syllables long and the fourth is 5 syllables -- but here's where it gets a bit trickier.  The meter has to be like this:

 

Trochee trochee dactyl trochee trochee
Trochee trochee dactyl trochee trochee
Trochee trochee dactyl trochee trochee
Dactyl trochee
 

So, in da da dum terms, that looks like:

 

DUM da/ DUM da/ DUM da da/ DUM da/ DUM da

DUM da/ DUM da/ DUM da da/ DUM da/ DUM da

DUM da/ DUM da/ DUM da da/ DUM da/ DUM da

DUM da da/ DUM da 

 

The best example I've seen in English is the one that's always used in texts, by A C Swinburne, who I like using as an example because his first name is Algernon -- long but very pretty.

 

ALL the night sleep came not upon my eyelids,
Shed not dew, nor shook nor unclosed a feather,
Yet with lips shut close and with eyes of iron
Stood and beheld me.


Then to me so lying awake a vision
Came without sleep over the seas and touched me,
Softly touched mine eyelids and lips; and I too,
Full of the vision,


Saw the white implacable Aphrodite,
Saw the hair unbound and the feet unsandalled
Shine as fire of sunset on western waters;
Saw the reluctant


Feet, the straining plumes of the doves that drew her,
Looking always, looking with necks reverted,
Back to Lesbos, back to the hills whereunder
Shone Mitylene;


Heard the flying feet of the Loves behind her
Make a sudden thunder upon the waters,
As the thunder flung from the strong unclosing
Wings of a great wind.


So the goddess fled from her place, with awful
Sound of feet and thunder of wings around her;
While behind a clamour of singing women
Severed the twilight.


Ah the singing, ah the delight, the passion!
All the Loves wept, listening; sick with anguish,
Stood the crowned nine Muses about Apollo;
Fear was upon them,


While the tenth sang wonderful things they knew not.
Ah the tenth, the Lesbian! the nine were silent,
None endured the sound of her song for weeping;
Laurel by laurel,


Faded all their crowns; but about her forehead,
Round her woven tresses and ashen temples
White as dead snow, paler than grass in summer,
Ravaged with kisses,


Shone a light of fire as a crown for ever.
Yea, almost the implacable Aphrodite
Paused, and almost wept; such a song was that song.
Yea, by her name too


Called her, saying, "Turn to me, O my Sappho;"
Yet she turned her face from the Loves, she saw not
Tears for laughter darken immortal eyelids,
Heard not about her


Fearful fitful wings of the doves departing,
Saw not how the bosom of Aphrodite
Shook with weeping, saw not her shaken raiment,
Saw not her hands wrung;


Saw the Lesbians kissing across their smitten
Lutes with lips more sweet than the sound of lute-strings,
Mouth to mouth and hand upon hand, her chosen,
Fairer than all men;


Only saw the beautiful lips and fingers,
Full of songs and kisses and little whispers,
Full of music; only beheld among them
Soar, as a bird soars


Newly fledged, her visible song, a marvel,
Made of perfect sound and exceeding passion,
Sweetly shapen, terrible, full of thunders,
Clothed with the wind's wings.


Then rejoiced she, laughing with love, and scattered
Roses, awful roses of holy blossom;
Then the Loves thronged sadly with hidden faces
Round Aphrodite,


Then the Muses, stricken at heart, were silent;
Yea, the gods waxed pale; such a song was that song.
All reluctant, all with a fresh repulsion,
Fled from before her.


All withdrew long since, and the land was barren,
Full of fruitless women and music only.
Now perchance, when winds are assuaged at sunset,
Lulled at the dewfall,


By the grey sea-side, unassuaged, unheard of,
Unbeloved, unseen in the ebb of twilight,
Ghosts of outcast women return lamenting,
Purged not in Lethe,


Clothed about with flame and with tears, and singing
Songs that move the heart of the shaken heaven,
Songs that break the heart of the earth with pity,
Hearing, to hear them.

 

 

Comments

avatar
Laurie Blumfrom Cloud 9
Associate, 2074 posts

on Sep. 17 2007


My only question on this form; Is there a specific number of stanzas or perhaps a minimum number? I remember reading Algernon Swinburne, The Triumph of Time!( Good, but long...very long) And I liked his name alot too.
avatar
Leanne Hansonfrom Just west of the lounge room
Associate, 3708 posts

on Sep. 17 2007


No minimum or maximum, though I don't think you could really make it work with less than three.
avatar
Stephan Ansteyfrom Lowell, MA
Associate, 6232 posts

inspired from Leanne on Sep. 17 2007


There's something appealing aobut Laurie and you working on anything Sapphic together.

So, by saying you require three stanzas you're suggesting something along the lines of, buildup, climax, culmination?


-----
  • stephan
avatar
Colleen Sperry
622 posts

on Sep. 18 2007


This seems very difficult to me.. I would love to see what you all could do with it!!! 
avatar
Demiurge
7 posts

on Dec. 12 2007


I hate Sapphic verse, yet it's still my favorite... Sometimes I wonder about myself.

avatar
Leanne Hansonfrom Just west of the lounge room
Associate, 3708 posts

on Dec. 12 2007


You are a masochist, we've always suspected as much...

Listen all you metrically-challenged poets
Hear the beat of Sappho's Hellenic whimsy
Through her deep and sorrowful feted stanzas
Elegance wanders

I the weary passenger sit here inking
Tracks that follow meaningless misty furrows
Frowning silent shadowless strokes on shameful
Papery planets

Shooting spaceless into the untamed ether
How they dribble desperate globs of gases
Watch them, words go farting through glaring orbits
Optical debris

Sappho, she who cunningly lingers windward
I can hear her mocking this muddled melange
Poor pretender, I have no words left in me
Thanks be to Gaia

 

 

avatar
Demiurge
7 posts

on Dec. 17 2007


This is true, very true. And I thank you as well for writing a Sapphic poem far better than I ever have and ever will. ;(

But being masochistic and all, I enjoyed it thoroughly.

avatar
Leanne Hansonfrom Just west of the lounge room
Associate, 3708 posts

on Dec. 17 2007


Just ask me next time you want to have your open wounds scoured thoroughly with the nearest available salty rag.
avatar
Laura doomfrom The Divided Queendom
Associate, 1336 posts

on Mar. 14 2008


I have to agree with Colleen - a difficult one, although if farting is a prerequisite for the form, I guess the Sapphic Ode is predominantly 'male' territory. (?)
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